Ever been cruising down the road, minding your own business, when suddenly, boom, your car jolts up like it just hit an invisible wall?
你是否曾有过这样的经历：正悠然自得地行驶在路上，全神贯注于自己的事情，突然，“砰”的一声，车子猛地一颠，就好像撞上了一堵看不见的墙？

Congratulations, you just encountered a speed bump or was it a speed hump?
恭喜你，你刚刚是遇到减速带了，还是碰上凸起减速路拱了呢？

Wait, what’s the difference?
等等，这两者有什么区别呢？

They both slow you down. They both make you regret not paying attention. And they both seem to pop up at the worst possible moments.
它们都会让你减速，都会让你后悔没集中注意力，而且似乎总是在最糟糕的时刻突然出现。

But believe it or not, these two are not the same thing.
但信不信由你，这两者可不是一回事。

There’s actually a science behind why and where they’re used.
它们为何被设置、设置在何处，其实背后是有科学道理的。

So, let’s break it down.
那么，我们就来详细分析一下吧。

What Are Speed Bumps?
什么是减速带？

Let’s start with speed bumps. The little devils of parking lots, school zones, and private roads.
我们先从减速带说起。它们是停车场、学校区域和私人道路上的“小麻烦”。

Speed bumps are designed to force vehicles to slow down significantly.
减速带的设计目的是迫使车辆大幅减速。

They’re usually about 5 to 10 cm high and quite narrow, often spanning around 30 to 90 cm in width.
它们通常高约5至10厘米，而且相当窄，宽度往往在30至90厘米左右。

That means when you hit one, all that energy gets absorbed in a short distance, giving you that abrupt jolt.
这意味着当你撞上减速带时，所有的能量都会在短距离内被吸收，让你感到突然的一震。

The reason speed bumps exist is simple: to make sure people don’t drive too fast in areas where pedestrian safety is a major concern.
减速带存在的理由很简单：确保人们在行人安全至关重要的区域不会开得太快。

If you’ve ever rolled through a parking lot at anything faster than a crawl and felt your coffee splash all over your dashboard, you’ve learned this lesson the hard way.
如果你曾以超过爬行的速度在停车场里行驶过，然后感到咖啡溅满了仪表盘，那你就已经吃过苦头、吸取过教训了。

They’re placed in low-speed areas because they’re effective at forcing drivers to reduce speed to around 8 to 16 km per hour.
它们被设置在低速区域，因为它们能有效地迫使驾驶员将车速降至每小时8至16公里左右。

Any faster and your suspension will file a complaint.
如果速度再快一些，你的悬挂系统可就要“抗议”了。

Speed bumps work best in private areas where slowing down is non-negotiable, like in front of schools, near pedestrian crossings, or inside gated communities.
减速带在必须减速的私人区域效果最佳，比如学校门前、行人过街处附近或封闭式社区内。

What Are Speed Humps?
什么是凸起减速路拱？

Now, let’s talk about speed humps. The more forgiving cousins of speed bumps.
现在，我们来谈谈凸起减速路拱。它们是减速带的“温和版亲戚”。

Unlike speed bumps, speed humps are wider, typically spanning 3 to 4 meters across.
与减速带不同，凸起减速路拱更宽，通常跨度为3至4米。

Their height is about the same, but because they’re stretched over a larger distance, the impact is much smoother.
它们的高度差不多，但由于它们延伸的距离更长，所以冲击更平缓。

Instead of an abrupt jolt, speed humps create a gentle rocking motion, slowing vehicles to a range of about 24 to 32 km per hour.
凸起减速路拱不会造成突然的震动，而是产生一种轻微的摇晃感，将车辆速度减至每小时24至32公里左右。

You’ll usually find speed humps on residential streets and roads where traffic should be slower but still needs to keep moving.
你通常会在住宅区的街道和道路上看到凸起减速路拱，这些地方交通应该慢一些，但仍需保持通行。

They’re designed to maintain a steady controlled speed rather than forcing a complete stop-and-go situation.
它们的设计目的是保持稳定可控的车速，而不是迫使车辆完全停下来再启动。

Unlike speed bumps, which are often found in isolated spots, speed humps tend to be placed in a series to keep speeds consistently low over a stretch of road.
与减速带通常设置在孤立地点不同，凸起减速路拱往往成系列设置，以保持一段道路上的车速持续较低。

Key Differences Explained
关键区别解析

So, let’s get to the real question. What’s the actual difference between a speed bump and a speed hump? Here’s the breakdown.
那么，我们来谈谈真正的问题。减速带和凸起减速路拱到底有什么区别呢？以下是详细分析。

Size and shape: Speed bumps are narrow and steep, designed for extreme slowing. Speed humps are wider and more gradual, offering a smoother slowdown.
尺寸和形状：减速带窄而陡，旨在大幅减速。凸起减速路拱更宽且坡度更平缓，提供更平稳的减速效果。

Speed reduction: Speed bumps force drivers to almost stop, keeping speeds under 16 km per hour. Speed humps encourage slower driving, but allow speeds of up to 32 km/h.
减速效果：减速带迫使驾驶员几乎停车，将车速保持在每小时16公里以下。凸起减速路拱鼓励驾驶员减速行驶，但允许车速达到每小时32公里。

Where they’re used: Speed bumps are found in private areas like parking lots and school driveways. Speed humps are more common on residential streets where steady traffic flow is still necessary.
使用地点：减速带通常设置在停车场和学校车道等私人区域。凸起减速路拱则更常见于仍需保持稳定交通流量的住宅区街道。

Driver experience: Speed bumps create a sudden jolt. Speed humps feel more like rolling over a small hill.
驾驶员体验：减速带会造成突然的震动。凸起减速路拱则更像是驶过一个小山丘。

Why Choose One Over the Other?
为何选择其中一种而非另一种？

The choice between speed bumps and speed humps depends on the goal of the road design.
减速带和凸起减速路拱的选择取决于道路设计的目标。

If the priority is pedestrian safety and making sure drivers almost stop, speed bumps are the way to go.
如果首要目标是行人安全，并确保驾驶员几乎停车，那么减速带是更好的选择。

If the goal is to keep traffic moving but still at a safe speed, speed humps are the better option.
如果目标是保持交通通行，但仍以安全速度行驶，那么凸起减速路拱是更好的选择。

City planners and engineers use different tools for different jobs.
城市规划者和工程师会根据不同的需求使用不同的工具。

In areas with high foot traffic, like school zones or hospital entrances, you don’t want cars zooming through.
在行人流量大的区域，如学校区域或医院入口，你不希望车辆飞速通过。

That’s where speed bumps come in.
这时就需要设置减速带了。

But in residential neighborhoods where a completely disrupted flow of traffic isn’t practical, speed humps provide a balance between safety and efficiency.
但在住宅区，完全中断交通流量并不现实，凸起减速路拱则在安全和效率之间提供了平衡。

Downsides of Speed Control Devices
速度控制装置的缺点

Of course, neither speed bumps nor speed humps are perfect.
当然，减速带和凸起减速路拱都不是完美的。

If overused or poorly placed, they can cause more problems than they solve.
如果过度使用或设置不当，它们可能会引发更多问题，而非解决问题。

Speed bumps, for instance, can be a nightmare for emergency vehicles.
例如，减速带对紧急车辆来说可能是一场噩梦。

Imagine an ambulance trying to rush to a hospital, but being forced to slow down at every bump.
想象一下，一辆救护车试图紧急赶往医院，但却被迫在每个减速带前减速。

That’s why you won’t find speed bumps on major roads.
这就是为什么你在主要道路上看不到减速带的原因。

Speed humps, while less aggressive, still require careful planning.
凸起减速路拱虽然不那么“激进”，但仍需要精心规划。

If placed too close together, they can make driving frustrating.
如果设置得过于密集，它们会让驾驶变得令人沮丧。

If placed too far apart, they lose effectiveness.
如果设置得过于稀疏，它们就会失去效果。

And then there’s the noise factor.
然后还有噪音问题。

Vehicles slowing down and speeding up repeatedly can create unnecessary sound pollution, especially in quiet neighborhoods.
车辆反复减速和加速会产生不必要的噪音污染，尤其是在安静的社区。

Alternatives to Speed Bumps & Humps
减速带和凸起减速路拱的替代方案

Since speed bumps and speed humps aren’t always the best solution, cities and road designers have started looking at alternative ways to control speed.
由于减速带和凸起减速路拱并不总是最佳解决方案，城市和道路设计师已经开始寻找其他控制车速的方法。

Some common alternatives include:
一些常见的替代方案包括：

Speed cushions: Similar to speed humps, but have gaps that allow emergency vehicles to pass through without slowing down too much.
减速垫：与凸起减速路拱类似，但有间隙，允许紧急车辆通过而不会大幅减速。

Raised crosswalks: A crosswalk that is elevated, acting like a speed hump while also improving pedestrian visibility.
凸起人行横道：抬高的人行横道，像凸起减速路拱一样起作用，同时提高行人的可见性。

Chicanes: Designed curves in the road that naturally force drivers to slow down instead of going straight at high speeds.
曲折路段：道路上设计的曲线，自然迫使驾驶员减速，而不是高速直线行驶。

Rumble strips: These create vibrations and sound to alert drivers to slow down without physically impacting the vehicle as much.
震动带：这些装置会产生震动和声音，提醒驾驶员减速，而不会对车辆造成太大的物理影响。

Final Thoughts
最终思考

So the next time you feel that jolt while driving, you’ll know exactly what you hit: a speed bump or a speed hump.
所以，下次你开车时感到那种震动，你就会确切地知道你撞上了什么：是减速带还是凸起减速路拱。

While they might seem like minor road nuisances, they serve a greater purpose in regulating speed and ensuring safety in areas where reckless driving could lead to accidents.
虽然它们可能看起来像是道路上的小麻烦，但它们在调节车速和确保行人安全至关重要的区域的安全方面发挥着更大的作用，在这些地方，鲁莽驾驶可能导致事故。

Whether they slow you down in a parking lot or keep traffic steady on a residential street, their presence is a calculated measure to balance efficiency with protection.
无论它们是在停车场让你减速，还是在住宅区街道上保持交通稳定，它们的存在都是为了平衡效率和保护而精心设计的措施。

Despite their effectiveness, speed control devices continue to spark debate.
尽管速度控制装置很有效，但它们仍继续引发争议。

Some drivers find them inconvenient, while others appreciate their role in traffic calming.
一些驾驶员觉得它们不方便，而另一些驾驶员则欣赏它们在交通舒缓方面的作用。

The key lies in strategic placement and proper design to maximize their benefits without causing unnecessary disruption.
关键在于战略性地设置和合理设计，以最大化它们的益处，同时避免造成不必要的干扰。

So, love them or hate them, speed bumps and humps are here to stay, helping create safer streets one bump or hump at a time.
所以，无论你喜欢还是讨厌它们，减速带和凸起减速路拱都会继续存在，一次一个减速带或凸起减速路拱地帮助创造更安全的街道。

Thank you for watching.
感谢观看。

The billionaire’s advice can help you build a trustworthy, high-performing team.
这位亿万富翁的建议能助你打造一支值得信赖、业绩卓越的团队。

Billionaire Warren Buffett, who will step down as CEO of Berkshire Hathaway at the end of the year, has built one of the most successful companies in history by living out a set of values that are as practical as they are inspiring.
亿万富翁沃伦·巴菲特将于今年年底卸任伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司首席执行官一职。他凭借践行一套既实用又鼓舞人心的价值观，缔造了历史上最成功的公司之一。

When it comes to hiring, Buffett doesn’t mince words. Skills and experience matter, but if you miss one critical trait, you risk bringing serious damage into your organization.
谈到招聘，巴菲特直言不讳。技能和经验固然重要，但要是你忽略了一个关键特质，就可能给公司带来严重损害。

The Buffett Quote:
巴菲特名言：

“Somebody once said that in looking for people to hire, you look for three qualities: integrity, intelligence, and energy. And if you don’t have the first, the other two will kill you. You think about it; it’s true. If you hire somebody without [integrity], you really want them to be dumb and lazy.”
“有人说，在招聘员工时，要考察三个品质：正直、智慧和精力。如果你没有第一个品质，那么后两个会毁了你。你仔细想想，确实如此。如果你招聘了一个没有[正直品质]的人，那你还真希望他又笨又懒。”

In a knowledge economy, intelligence is obviously key. And energy fuels passion and productivity. But integrity? It’s the bedrock that holds everything together. Without it, talent becomes dangerous.
在知识经济时代，智慧显然至关重要。而精力能激发热情，提高生产力。但正直呢？它是将一切凝聚在一起的基石。没有它，才华就会变得危险。

In my line of work coaching high-level leaders, integrity is a non-negotiable. I see how employees, colleagues, customers and stakeholders alike respond to their integrity by trusting their decision-making. People working for such leaders know that their actions are transparent, and their judgment sound. In collaborative environments, trustworthy leaders quickly earn a reputation for dependability and accountability—two accelerators of team trust.
在我为高层领导者提供指导的工作中，正直是不容商量的。我看到员工、同事、客户和利益相关者都因信任他们的决策而对其正直品质做出回应。为这样的领导者工作的人知道，他们的行为是透明的，判断是合理的。在协作环境中，值得信赖的领导者很快就能赢得可靠和负责的声誉——这是加速团队信任的两大要素。

They also help fill the leadership pipeline. Employees who model integrity naturally influence others, command respect, and set the cultural tone you want future managers to embody.
他们还能为领导梯队输送人才。以身作则展现正直品质的员工自然会影响他人，赢得尊重，并树立你希望未来管理者具备的文化基调。

Assessing Integrity During Job Interviews
面试中评估正直品质

Back to Buffett. Since he emphasized hiring for integrity, hiring managers and HR need to know how to assess for integrity. While résumés highlight skills and experience, interviews should uncover values and character. That requires behavioral interviewing—asking situational questions that reveal how a candidate has acted under pressure, navigated ethical dilemmas, or responded to challenges.
回到巴菲特的话题。既然他强调招聘时要注重正直品质，那么招聘经理和人力资源部门就需要知道如何评估正直。简历突出的是技能和经验，而面试则应挖掘价值观和性格。这就需要采用行为面试法——提出情境问题，了解候选人在压力下的表现、如何应对道德困境或对挑战的反应。

Here are 12 sample questions that can reveal integrity in action:
以下是12个能揭示候选人正直品质的示例问题：

1. Tell me about a time when you experienced a loss for doing what’s right. How did you react? 跟我说说，你曾因做正确的事而遭受损失的一次经历。你是如何应对的？
2. Describe a time when your trustworthiness was challenged. How did you respond? 描述一次你的诚信受到质疑的经历。你是如何回应的？
3. Share an example of solving a problem that tested your sense of fairness or ethics. 分享一个解决考验你公平感或道德感的问题的例子。
4. When was the last time you broke the rules? What happened? 你上一次违反规则是什么时候？发生了什么？
5. What would you do if you suspected a coworker was stealing? 如果你怀疑同事在偷东西，你会怎么做？
6. Tell me about a time you saw inappropriate behavior at work. What did you do? 跟我说说你在工作中看到不当行为的一次经历。你做了什么？
7. Describe a time you distrusted a colleague. How did you repair the relationship? 描述一次你对同事产生不信任的经历。你是如何修复这段关系的？
8. When working with others, what’s your preferred relationship style? 与他人合作时，你偏好的关系模式是怎样的？
9. What values matter most to you in a team environment? 在团队环境中，你最看重哪些价值观？
10. If we had a difficult client situation, would you tell a white lie to fix it? 如果我们遇到难缠的客户情况，你会为了解决问题而说善意的谎言吗？
11. What would your past manager say makes you most valuable? 你过去的经理会说你身上什么特质让你最有价值？
12. What qualities did your best boss have—and how do you reflect those traits? 你最好的老板有哪些品质——你又是如何体现这些品质的？

The Bottom Line
总结

Buffett’s formula is clear: integrity + intelligence + energy = a great hire. But integrity isn’t just the first quality—it’s the qualifier. Without it, the rest doesn’t matter.
巴菲特的公式很明确：正直 + 智慧 + 精力 = 优秀员工。但正直不仅仅是首要品质——它还是基本条件。没有它，其他都不重要。

Audit your current hiring process. Are you screening for integrity as thoroughly as you are for skills? The best hire is not just the most talented; it’s the one you can trust when no one is watching.
审视你当前的招聘流程。你在筛选正直品质时，是否和筛选技能一样严格？最好的员工不仅仅是最有才华的；而是即使无人监督，你也能够信任的人。

As temperatures rise during the summer months, the heat takes a toll on car batteries, making them more susceptible to damage.

The expected battery lifespan for most of New York state is 54 months, according to AAA. Testing your battery’s health, sheltering your car from extreme temperatures and keeping up on maintenance all help with preventing premature battery failure.

“The heat is far more detrimental to a new car battery than is the cold,” Dispatch Manager at AAA Western and Central New York Dan Fisher said. “A lot of times batteries fail in the winter because of what summer put them through.

How does heat affect car batteries?
High temperatures, like those experienced in the summer months, can result in decreased performance and reduction of the battery’s overall lifespan, according to AAA.

Evaporation of a battery’s electrolyte fluid reduces its ability to hold a charge and can create sulfation, or the buildup of lead sulfate crystals on the batteries’ lead plates, slowing down the chemical to electrical reaction needed to start your vehicle, Fisher said.

What are some signs your battery might be failing?
Unfortunately, you won’t get much warning.

The car could be a little slower to turn over, there could be a delay when turning on your air conditioning or the dashboard could dim a bit, but they are split-second occurrences.

“A lot of times, it just works today and then it doesn’t tomorrow,” Fisher said.

How to protect car batteries in the summer months
Batteries tend to last 3-5 years, according to Fisher, and the best way to know how your battery is holding up is to get it tested. Drivers can either give AAA a call and they will come out and check the battery’s health or stop by a local repair shop.

“Batteries are an often forgot about maintenance item on your vehicle,” Fisher said. “Because you can’t see the battery, a lot of people forget about it until it’s too late.”

How to protect your car battery

Here are some additional ways to protect the life of your car battery.

Do
Park in the shade or a cool, dry garage
Perform regular maintenance
Check the electrolyte level
Clean the battery terminals
Use a quality battery maintenance charger if you don’t drive your car often
Take longer drives to allow the battery to fully charge

Don’t
Expose your vehicle to extreme temperatures
Add distilled water to the battery
Use the radio without the car running

Anyone who likes police or legal fiction will probably have noticed that the U.K. uses the term solicitor where the U.S. uses the term attorney. There is, however, one instance where the U.K. does use the term attorney and that is with regards to patents. To understand why this is, it is helpful to have a look at legal titles and what they mean.
任何喜欢警察或法律小说的人都可能已经注意到，英国使用“solicitor”一词，而美国使用“attorney”一词。然而，有一个例子表明，英国确实使用了“attorney”一词，这与专利有关。为了理解这一点，了解一下法律头衔及其含义是很有帮助的。

Lawyer

The term lawyer does not have a specific, legal meaning in the UK, although it is routinely used to describe a member of the legal profession.
“lawyer”一词在英国没有具体的法律含义，尽管它通常用于称呼法律职业从业人员。

Solicitor

The word “solicitor” derives from the Middle French word “solicitor”. It is also related to the verb “to solicit” which essentially means to attempt to obtain something by persuasion, either for oneself or for another party. This is essentially what solicitors do today. They use their training in and experience of law to advise and guide their clients and help them to achieve their aims. In the event that a solicitor’s client needs to take a case to court, the solicitor will typically instruct a barrister to represent the solicitor’s client in court. The solicitor will usually act as an intermediary between their client and the barrister who presents the case in court.
“solicitor”一词源自中古法语中的“solicitor”。它还与动词“to solicit”有关，后者本质上意味着试图通过说服获得某物，无论是为自己还是为另一方。这基本上就是律师今天所做的。他们利用自己的法律培训和经验为客户提供建议和指导，帮助他们实现目标。如果solicitor的客户需要将案件提交法庭，solicitor通常会指示一名大律师在法庭上代表solicitor的客户。solicitor通常会在他们的当事人和出庭的大律师之间充当中间人。

Barrister

As indicated in the previous paragraph, a barrister is a legal professional who presents cases in open court. In Scotland the equivalent of a barrister is an advocate.
如前一段所述，barrister大律师是在公开法庭上陈述案件的法律专业人员。在苏格兰，与barrister相当的是advocate。

Attorney

The word “attorney” also derives from Middle French, in this case from the word “attorney”, literally this was a person to whom one turned and developed the meaning of an appointed person. Specifically it came to refer to a person who was appointed to represent the interests of another party. If this sounds similar to the work of a solicitor, that’s because it is. In fact up until the close of the 19th century attorneys and solicitors were essentially two branches of the same profession. Attorneys however, were very much perceived as the “poor relations” of solicitors. Attorneys practised in the common law courts, whereas solicitors practised in the courts of chancery (hence Chancery Lane in London). Solicitors also tended to represent the more wealthy, in particular owners of landed estates, whereas attorneys worked on the lower end of the social scale. By the time of the Court of Judicature Act of 1873, the term attorney had acquired such negative connotations that it was effectively abolished and for the most part attorneys adopted the title of solicitors. The word attorney, however, clung on with the specific meaning of someone who was legally empowered to act on behalf of another party. While attorneys can be legally trained, they do not have to be. For example, older people may choose to create a document giving power of attorney to a younger relative in the event that they are no longer able to take decisions for themselves. The younger relative would then have the power to act on behalf of the older person.
“attorney”一词也来源于中古法语，在本案中来自“attorney”，准确的说，这是指一个人，别人有求于他，后面就出现了被委托人的含义。具体来说，它是指被任命代表另一方利益的人。如果这听起来与solicitor,的工作相似，那是因为事实上，直到19世纪末，attorneys和solicitors基本上是同一职业的两个分支。然而，attorneys被认为是“不受青睐”的solicitors。attorneys在普通法法院执业，而solicitors则在高等法院（即伦敦的大法官巷）执业。solicitors也倾向于代表更富有的人，特别是地产所有者，而attorneys则在社会阶层的低端工作。到1873年《司法法院法》颁布时，attorney一词已经获得了如此负面的含义，以至于它被有效地废除，并且在很大程度上，attorneys采用了solicitors的头衔。然而，“attorney”一词仍然保留着法律授权代表另一方行事的人的特定含义。虽然attorneys可以接受法律培训，但他们不一定要接受。例如，老年人可能会选择创建一份文件，在他们不再能够自己做出决定的情况下，向年轻的亲属授予代理权。年轻的亲属将有权代表老年人行事。

Why Patent Attorney Rather Than Patent Solicitor?

The term “Patent Attorney” is reserved under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to those who are on the register of patent attorneys. “European Patent Attorney” means a person on the list of professional representatives maintained by the European Patent Office. In each case, entry on to the register or list is by passing the qualifying examinations. Patent attorneys are typically maths, science or engineering graduates who then undertake on-the-job and academic training in patent law in order to qualify as patent attorneys.
根据1988年《版权、外观设计和专利法》，“Patent Attorney”一词保留给专利代理人登记簿上的人员。“European Patent Attorney”是指欧洲专利局保留的专业代表名单上的人员。在每种情况下，通过资格考试即可进入名册或名单。专利律师通常是数学、科学或工程专业的毕业生，然后接受专利法的在职和学术培训，以获得专利律师资格。

In addition to obtaining and renewing patents, patent attorneys can also take action to resolve instances of patent infringement. In spite of their job title, patent attorneys can often provide a broader range of assistance with regard to claiming and enforcing intellectual property, for example they may have expertise in the fields of copyrights and trademarks. Some solicitors with suitable scientific or technical as well as legal qualifications specialise in patent matters and may sometimes be referred to as “Patent Solicitors”, although there is no official status for this. They specialise in patent litigation, and may often work closely with patent attorneys.
除了获得和更新专利，专利律师还可以采取行动解决专利侵权案件。尽管他们的职称不同，专利律师通常可以在主张和执行知识产权方面提供更广泛的帮助，例如，他们可能在版权和商标领域拥有专业知识。一些具有适当科学或技术以及法律资格的solictors专门从事专利事务，有时可能被称为“Patent Solicitors”，尽管没有这个官方身份。他们专门从事专利诉讼，可能经常与专利律师密切合作。

1. Is it necessary to… 有必要…吗？
2. consecutive [kənˈsekjətɪv] adj.连续不断的

You know you should be getting 7-9 hours of sleep every day — but who says it has to happen during one marathon snoozing session? 你知道你应该每天睡7到9个小时，但谁说这必须发生在一次马拉松式的睡眠过程中？

1. You know… 你知道; 你知道的; 你知道吗
2. marathon 英 [ˈmærəθən] 美 [ˈmærəθɑːn] n.马拉松赛跑(距离约42公里，合26英里);马拉松式的活动(或工作) adj.需要极大持久力的
3. snooze [snuːz] n.小睡 v.(尤指在白天)小睡，打盹
4. session [ˈseʃn] n.一场,一节,一段时间;(法庭的)开庭，开庭期;(议会等的)会议，会期;学年

David K. Randall, author of Dreamland: Adventures in the Strange Science of Sleep, points to a growing body of evidence suggesting that getting enough “deep” sleep during the course of the day — rather than in one eight-hour chunk — might be just as beneficial from a performance point of view. For example, taking a “power nap” at work (if it’s OK with your boss!) might be just as restorative as sleeping peacefully all night long. 大卫·K·兰德尔，《梦境：睡眠的奇异科学历险记》一书的作者指出，越来越多的证据表明，在一天中获得足够的“深度”睡眠——而不是一个八小时的睡眠——从工作表现的角度来看可能同样有益。例如，在工作中打个“强力盹”（如果你老板同意的话！）可能和整夜安睡一样有恢复力。

1. dreamland [ˈdriːmlænd] n.梦境;幻想世界;理想世界
2. adventure 英 [ədˈventʃə(r)] 美 [ədˈventʃər] n.冒险,冒险经历,奇遇；冒险的刺激，大胆开拓
3. point to 指出，提出，指向
4. body of evidence 大量证据 （a growing…正在增长的）
5. in/during the course of 在…过程中
6. rather than 英 [ˈrɑːðə(r) ðæn] 美 [ˈræðər ðæn] 而不是；(prefer to…rather than…宁可 … 也不愿…；与其 … 倒不如…)
7. chunk [tʃʌŋk] 大块，厚片，厚（肉）块，矮而厚的木块，片
8. just as 正如，就好像； 同样地
9. performance 英 [pəˈfɔːməns] 美 [pərˈfɔːrməns] n. 表演;演出;艺术上的表现;演技;表现;性能;业绩;工作情况
10. point of view 观点, 看法,见解；考虑角度，判断方法
11. restorative [rɪˈstɔːrətɪv] adj.恢复健康/体力的;促使康复的;整容的;整形的（restorative dentistry/surgery 整形牙科 / 外科） n.有助恢复健康的事物;滋补品
12. all night long 一整夜

Here’s something else to sleep on: In today’s 24-7 work environment, with phones and various other gadgets beeping at all hours, this advice might be more realistic for many of us. In fact, according to a recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 41 million people in the United States get six hours or fewer of sleep a night. 还有一点值得我们深思：在现在的24-7小时工作环境中，手机和其他各种各样的小玩意会一直响个不停，这个建议对我们中的许多人来说可能更现实。事实上，根据疾病控制和预防中心最近的一份报告，美国约有4100万人每晚睡眠时间不超过6小时。

1. here is…有…
2. sleep on 延期解决, 推延到第二天解决
3. in…environment 在…环境下
4. various 英 [ˈveəriəs] 美 [ˈveriəs] adj.各种不同的;各种各样的;具有多种特征的;多姿多彩的
5. gadget [ˈɡædʒɪt] n.小器具;小装置,小玩意
6. beep [biːp] v.发出哔哔声;发出嘟嘟声;(使汽车喇叭等)发出嘟嘟声 n.(汽车喇叭或电子设备发出的)嘟嘟声，哔哔声
7. at all hours 始终不间断地,在任何时候

Do you ever break up your sleep into smaller chunks? Or do you need 7-9 consecutive hours to feel like a human being in the morning (as opposed to a cranky $#^$%)? 你把睡眠分成小块过吗？或者你需要连续睡7-9个小时，在早上才会感觉自己是个人（而不是一个暴躁的$#^$%）？

1. Do you ever…你曾经…
2. break up （使）分裂;（被）拆分;（使）破碎;（恋人）分手;（夫妻）结束关系;（婚姻关系）破裂;结束（婚姻关系）;散（会）;（使）解散;（学校或学生）放假;（因信号受到干扰）声音断断续续
3. feel like 摸起来像是……；有……的感觉;想要……
4. human being 人,人类
5. as opposed to [əˈpəʊzd] 而不是,与 … 形成对照

伊万卡·特朗普谈2万亿美元新型冠状病毒救济：我们的任务是“ 奋力搏一把”

1. trillion 万亿; 兆; 大量; 无数; 百万兆
2. relief 救济，救援
3. mandate 接到的干某个任务的命令，授权令
4. swing for the fence（s）这是一个习惯用语，swing是挥舞球棒的意思，fence是球场围栏，将球击到界内围栏外就完成了全垒打。这个短语本意是努力挥舞球棒争取打出一个全垒打，引申意思为孤注一掷，全力去追求最好的效果，但是失败的风险会相当高（因为全垒打是很难打出来的）

The $2 trillion fiscal stimulus package recently signed into law by President Trump includes over $350 billion in loans to small businesses currently facing financially devastating losses due to the coronavirus pandemic. 特朗普总统最近签署了2万亿美元的财政经济刺激计划法案，其中包括向目前因冠状病毒流行病导致财务方面出现严重亏损的小企业提供超过3500亿美元的贷款。

1. fiscal 财政的，国库的
2. fiscal stimulus package 一揽子财政刺激计划
3. sign into law 签署成为法律
4. devastating 破坏性极大的;毁灭性的;令人震惊的;骇人的;给人印象深刻的;令人钦佩的;强有力的
5. loss 亏损

Ivanka Trump, President Trump’s daughter and senior advisor, has played a key role in advocating for small businesses during this pandemic. She joined Yahoo Finance from her office at the White House via Skype for an exclusive interview to talk about how the administration is working to keep small businesses afloat. 特朗普总统的女儿、高级顾问伊万卡·特朗普在这场大流行病期间，在支持小企业方面发挥了关键作用。她通过Skype从白宫办公室加入雅虎金融（Yahoo Finance），接受专访，谈论政府如何努力维持小企业的运转。

1. senior advisor 高级顾问
2. play a key role in 在…起关键作用，在…发挥重要作用
3. advocate 支持，拥护，提倡
4. an exclusive interview 独家采访，专访
5. administration （尤指美国）政府
6. afloat 能维持下去的，漂浮在水面上的

“Small businesses employ close to 50% of the American workforce, and obviously are the most vulnerable from a cash flow situation,” she said. 她说：“小企业雇佣了近50%的美国劳动力，显然他们是最容易受到现金流状况的影响。”

1. close to 接近，在近处，凑近
2. workforce (国家或行业等的)劳动力，劳动大军，劳动人口；全体员工
3. vulnerable 容易受到影响的
4. cash flow 现金流动，资金流动
5. situation 情况，状况，形势，局面

The $2 trillion fiscal stimulus sets aside over $350 billion in loans for small businesses. “We want to just bridge people until the world reopens,” she said.  2万亿美元的财政刺激计划为小企业预留了3500多亿美元的贷款。她说：“我们只想为人们架桥渡过艰难时期，直到世界恢复正常运转。”

1. set aside 预留，留…用于…，（矛盾、意见、分歧等）搁置放一边
2. reopen 恢复；再次开始；重新开业；重新开放(商店、剧场等)；重新处理

“The president had a mandate, which was to think big and swing for the fences,” Trump told Yahoo Finance. “And with these unprecedented times and with a forced closure of what was the healthiest economy ever, we thought big and this is $2.2 trillion of relief that’s going directly to workers, frontline responders and small businesses.” 特朗普对雅虎财经说：“总统有一项任务，那就是要把目光放长远，并奋力拼搏。”。“在这史无前例的时期，曾经最健康的经济体已经被迫关闭了，我们目光放得长远，将2.2万亿美元的救济直接发放给工人、一线救援人员和小企业。”

Before the coronavirus pandemic hit the U.S., the economy was on a strong footing. Wages were growing fast for low-income workers, and the unemployment rate was near record lows. “We want to get people through this horrible health crisis that was no fault of their own,” said Trump. 在冠状病毒大流行袭击美国之前，美国经济已经站稳了脚跟。低收入工作者的工资增长很快，失业率接近历史最低水平。特朗普说：“我们希望让人们度过这场并非自身过错的可怕健康危机。”。

1. hit 打击，袭击，碰撞
2. footing 站稳;立足点;基础;地位;人际关系
3. wage (通常指按周领的)工资，工钱
4. low-income 低收入，低收入的
5. unemployment rate 失业率
6. lows 低水平;低点;低数目;(一生或事业中的)艰难时期，低谷;低气压区（record lows历史最低点 常用形式： at/near/hit/touch/drop to record lows）
7. get through 度过，熬过（困难或不快的时期）
8. health crisis 健康危机
9. is no fault of sb’s own/through no fault of sb’s own 不是某人自己的错（So, through no fault of my own, I was at a loose end quite a bit. 所以，不是我自己的错，我有点不知所措。）

The loans will work as grants as long as small businesses retain their workers as they deal with keeping up with their rent payments, utility and other bills. “Every state’s a little bit different in terms of what they’re deciding to do in terms of mandatory shutdown, but [we’re] making sure that they can keep their workforce employed, and don’t create vulnerabilities on the other end.”

Helping small businesses

While the federal government is stepping up its support for small businesses, individuals and the private sector also have a key role to play, Ivanka Trump says. She encourages people who have the means to think of creative ways of supporting local businesses: for example, pre-paying for services they know they’ll use in 6 to 12 months.

“I did it on a personal level with my local dry cleaner and my local florist, just to sort of assist in a small way during this time. So it’s really heartening to see…people, you know, buying local produce …to support farms…and then freezing it,” Trump said.

The Trump administration has been trying to get money into the hands of small businesses as quickly as possible. Trump said that as soon as April 3, business owners will be able to go to their banks and apply for the loans made available by the stimulus. (The Small Business Administration’s website includes a link to the application form for borrowers and information about the program for both lenders and borrowers.)

It doesn’t get more local than this, a 30-minute photo shop in Irvine, California. Same store front since 1990. But this is an international enterprise now.

When I started, customer base was about 3 to 5 miles. Today it’s worldwide. People find us online through searches, through search engine, through twitter searches as well as Facebook.

Mitch Goldstone has tweeted some 32,000 messages. He has 10,600 followers on twitter where he broadcasts his promotions and he’s constantly trying to make a name for his company, Scan My Photos. He doesn’t just self-promote. He shares links and product reviews and blends into a running conversation online about “All Things Photo”.

If you are not into social media, social networking, you will be out of business. I am gonna repeat that you will be out of business if you don’t tweet, use Facebook and social media today.

Smart small business owners are embracing and profiting from this free tool. Just as Ido Leffler, co-founder of beauty brand, YES TO.

Today you don’t need to spend any money at all to set up a Facebook fan page. You don’t need a huge marketing fund to set up a twitter account. You need zero.

When an expensive print ad campaign fell flat, Leffler launched an online contest to find the face of the brand. It attracted 150,000 fans on Facebook. Sales doubled in 6 months. The social media, social butterflies learned to use these free tools to grow their business. But it’s not easy. Experts say the trick is figuring out how to turn posts and tweets into dollars and cents.

It’s great if you have, you know, 10,000 followers on twitter, but how many of them are paying customers. That’s where the strategic piece, a lot of small businesses overlook and the smart ones really focus on.

There are different kinds of natural forces and energies in our environment. We call these natural forces or energies the chi.

Most Hong Kong Chinese believe in aligning walls, furniture, and objects to create a natural flow of energy through their houses. I was curious about Chinese Medicine, so I signed up for a workshop with an herbalist.

In Chinese medicine, everything is considered to have the characteristics of either yin or yang. For example, herbs that are of cold and cool nature are regarded as yin medicines. And herbs that are of hot in nature are regarded as yang medicines.

According to this tradition, human organs and tissues also have attributes of yin and yang. When these forces are out of balance, a person will develop symptoms of disease. Certain herbs are thought to restore harmony.

A legacy of shipping and trade have made Hong Kong the city it is today. An interesting place to learn about South China’s seafaring past is the Maritime Museum in Stanley. Hong Kong’s deep and protected harbor has beckoned vessels since ancient times. But in the 20th century, the shipping industry mushroomed. In 1900, an estimated 11,000 ships docked here. Within 10 years, that number had doubled. Hong Kong continues to impress the business world with its import export prowess.

The single most fascinating thing is probably a present-day statistic that Hong Kong’s little Kwai Tsing container port, about a kilometer by a kilometer and a half, has the annual throughput capacity of every single container port of the west coast of the USA put together.
Wow.

No question, this maritime muscle is not to be trifled with.

Yes, it’s hard for folk to know how big, a really big ship is, and to show them. We took Hong Kong’s tallest building, 420 meters, 86 stories, and stood the world’s largest ship on its stern right next door to it. Big ships are very, very big.

All of the commerce rolling through this port creates plenty of demand for high-end hotels. While Hong Kong is generally inexpensive, hotel costs are on par with major American and European cities. The hottest new place to stay is the Landmark Mandarin Oriental with a great location right in the middle of the central shopping district. The state-of-the-art rooms have sophisticated electronics as well as marble baths. And the oriental spa offers the ultimate in relaxation.

Visitors who anticipate nothing but shopping and crowds are often surprised at Hong Kong’s abundance of open space and natural beauty. If you’re willing to explore beyond the high-rise jungle of downtown, you’ll discover that much of the region is made up of rural countryside and unspoiled coastline.

There are plenty of easy day trips. We are checking out Sai Kung, an enormous country park popular with locals, as well as the culturally rich island of Lantau. Before 1970 Sai Kung Park was a remote area that could only be reached by foot or on ferry. Then development of a huge new reservoir brought in several roads and opened up easy recreation for Hong Kong’s workaholic residents. Relatively unknown by tourists, the park can be reached by a 20-minute taxi ride or by local bus.

Located near the edge of the park, the town of Sai Kung is a busy marketplace and convenient gathering spot for fishermen and local villagers. You can easily hire a sampan boat and take a relaxing ride through the serene waterways. Looking at these little islands, it’s easy to imagine how Hong Kong Island itself must have looked before the British took control in 1842. For thousands of years, this was a quite, remote corner of China, occupied by small settlements of fishermen and farmers, and the occasional band of pirates.

Out there is a river valley that’s been carved into the rock. It’s been carved by running water, just flew down here smoothly off this rock bed and then cascaded down to the valley north there. Six thousand years ago, that was a big river.

Satellite images reveal that the river bed I’m standing in is just one of a network of past river valleys that crisscrossed the Sahara desert. Ten thousand years ago, this dry, empty place was entirely different. Little is known about the early Saharans who lived here then, but we do know that they depended entirely on water. Water formed the lakes in which they swam. Water nourished the plants which fed the animals they hunted. Water filled the clay pots from which they drank, but then the climate changed.

About five and a half thousand years ago, the Sahara began to dry. The rains failed, the river shrank and the lakes dried out. For the early Saharan people, there was only one option – to follow the rains and abandon the desert.

The fortunes of the early Saharan people revealed a universal timeless truth: our fate is inextricably linked to water. The problem is the water never stands still. It’s always on the move across the planet. We think of this as a blue planet, but while water is abundant, most of it is no use. More than ninety-seven percent of the earth’s water is salty ocean which we can’t drink or use to grow crops. Less than three percent is fresh water on which all human life hangs. What’s more, that tiny fraction is often hard to depend on, because fresh water has a life cycle all of its own.

The water seems so familiar, doesn’t it? But to see its remarkable qualities, you have to go to some extreme length.

The fresh water that we depend on begins its life in the oceans. As the sun’s rays beat down on the surface of the sea, they heat the water molecules until some evaporate. It’s the start of an extraordinary journey.

Here as water evaporates, it feels like it vanishes into thin air there. Although we barely notice it, water molecules are suspended around us all the time, just that we are only aware of it when they clump together as clouds.

a journey one time, less than a thousandth of the world’s water is up here in the atmosphere. It may not seem much, but this is what spreads water from the seas to the land.

The water molecule doesn’t hang around up here for very long. It fact, it spends less time up there in the atmosphere than the any other time of its journey, a mere nine days until a typical water molecule crashes the earth as rain.

For most of us, rain is perhaps the most familiar stage of the water cycle, but notoriously the least reliable.

As the water falls as rain, it joins a big system, cascading and carving its way across the land surface as streams and rivers. Look at that, water, absolutely everywhere.

Rivers and rain are of the parts of the water cycle that we depend on and yet they are only a tiny proportion of the world’s fresh water, amazingly two percent of all fresh water on the planet, the rest of the earth fresh water is locked away, down there on the ground.

What a landing.

The vast majority of it is stored as ice. Most of the rest seeps deep into the earth where it’s known as groundwater. Hidden away down here is the planet’s second large store of fresh water, but in the end, all water arrives back in the oceans and the cycle begins again.

You know you are going to live a very long life? Do you know that?
No, I didn’t know that.
You see? This career line is very long. You see?
So I’m going to work for decades more?
Yes.
Is that good news? I’m not sure.
Oh, because, ok, you’re active person.
Yes.
You don’t want to sit lazy at home.
No, no, no.
You see, you see the red color? The red color that means too much of heat inside your body.
I see.
This, that means the blood circulation is not very strong.

Her consultation also came with a few caveats about my health.

So no coffee, not a lot of salt, more exercise, what a surprise, and the thing is to look OK.
Certainly.
Thank you, Jane. Thank you very much.
You’re welcome.

Hong Kong’s efficient transportation system includes trams and buses, an excellent subway system, and reasonably-priced taxis. But my favorite transportation bargain is the Star Ferry. These green and white ferries have linked Hong Kong Island with the Kowloon Peninsula for the past 100 years. The journey takes about ten minutes and tickets cost only about a quarter. And with these views, it’s obvious why the ferry is one of the city’s most popular attractions.

When you’re in Hong Kong, you might as well do as the locals do. When they’re not working, they’re shopping, seriously. For many, Hong Kong is synonymous with shopping, and for good reason. The city is a prime distribution center for much of the world’s products. In fact, it’s difficult to find anyplace here where you can’t shop.

Thousands of malls, department stores and designer boutiques offer every imaginable name brand luxury, as well as factory seconds and designer knockoffs. In stark contrast are the many traditional open-air markets, nestled in among the towering skyscrapers. Here, dedicated shoppers hone their bargaining skills.

Shopping in Hong Kong extends far beyond buying life’s necessities. It’s a recreational and social activity. So unless you are a committed non-shopper, best to leave a little extra packing room in the suitcase.

So, apart from shopping, what’s Hong Kong’s most popular pastime? Well, I’d put my money on horseracing. Here, betting on the ponies isn’t just a sport. It’s a passion.

Millions of people follow these events and the average betting turnover per race is the highest in the world. The first race was held here at the Happy Valley track more than 150 years ago. And the track even remained open during the Japanese occupation of the city in the 1940s. Until recently, horseracing was the only legal form of gambling in Hong Kong. And with an annual turnover equivalent to more than a billion US dollars, the Sport of Kings definitely reigns.

The Hong Kong Tourist Board’s “Cultural Kaleidoscope” program makes it really easy to get a crash course in Chinese culture. Everyday you can take a different workshop on important traditions that will help you more fully appreciate your visit here.

And best of all, the classes are free. For example, one day, you can learn how to do Tai Chi.

(Next pattern, turning and looking at the moon. About 45 degrees to your left and right side. Let your palms face each other.)

Another day you can take a class in the ancient design method of feng shui.

(Good morning, everybody, and welcome to Hong Kong, and welcome to our feng shui class this morning.)

Literally translated as wind water, feng shui describes how homes and workspaces can be designed to achieve harmony with the spirits of nature.